Securities Class Action Filings Rise Slightly in 2024

Securities class actions rise in 2024, with AI and COVID-19 cases leading growth while SPAC filings plummet, shows a report by Cornerstone Research and Stanford Law School.
By: | February 3, 2025
Securities Exchange Commission

Securities class action filings saw a slight increase in 2024, with a notable rise in cases related to artificial intelligence (AI) and COVID-19, according to a report by Cornerstone Research and the Stanford Law School Securities Class Action Clearinghouse.

The report revealed that state and federal securities class action filings rose to 225 in 2024, up from 215 in 2023 and 208 in 2022. The number of “core” filings — which exclude mergers & acquisitions related allegations — reached 220, up from 209 in 2023 and 14% higher than the 1997-2023 historical average of 193 filings. There were five M&A related filings in federal courts 2024, about even with the previous year’s six filings.

Trends in Securities Filings

AI-related filings in federal court more than doubled to 15 in 2024 from seven in 2023, with the majority of these cases found in the technology sector. COVID-19-related filings also saw an increase, rising to 15, up 36% over 2023 filings, but remained below the high of 20 filings in 2022.

On the other hand, filings related to special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs) and cryptocurrency saw a significant decrease in federal filings, falling by more than 50% compared to 2023. There were 11 SPAC filings in 2024, down from 27 in 2023 and only one-third of 2021’s 33 filings. There were seven cyptocurrency-related filings, less than half of 15 such filings in 2023 and 23 filings in 2022 related to cryptocurrency.

Cybersecurity-related filings also continued to decline, with only two cases in 2025, down from three a year earlier, earlier and below the peak of seven cases in 2021.

Alexander “Sasha” Aganin, the report’s coauthor and a Cornerstone Research senior vice president, noted that federal and state Securities Act of 1933 filings, which pertain to allegations of inadequate of inaccurate or incomplete information for investors, declined 34% from 2023 and reached the lowest number since 2013.

However, federal Section 10(b)–only filings, which allege fraud or deceit related to the sale of a security, increased to 198, up from 177 in 2023 and the highest level on record.

The report also highlighted the U.S. Supreme Court’s dismissal of two securities actions involving claims against Facebook Inc. and Nvidia Corp.

“Retrospectively, ‘no news’ is the big news in the world of securities litigation. The U.S. Supreme Court initially agreed to hear two cases involving private securities litigation but then dismissed both with no decision on the underlying questions of law,” stated Joseph Grundfest, professor emeritus at Stanford Law School and a former commissioner of the Securities and Exchange Commission. “The concern among practitioners is that the court will, in the future, be even more selective in deciding whether to hear securities cases,”

Impact of Litigation on Market Cap

The report also provided insights into the impact of securities litigation on the dollar value of a defendant’s market capitalization.

The Disclosure Dollar Loss (DDL) Index® tracks changes in the dollar value of a defendant’s market capitalization between the trading day immediately before the end of the class period and the trading day immediately afterward. The DDL Index reached $438 billion in 2024, a 23% increase from $355 billion in 2023. The 2024 DDL Index value marked the seventh-consecutive year that the index’s value exceeded the 1997-2023 annual average of $237 billion.

In 2024, there were 27 “mega-DDL” filings, which are cases with a DDL of at least $5 billion, up from 17 in 2023. These mega filings represented 75% of total DDL value in 2024.

The Maximum Dollar Loss (MDL) Index tracks changes in a defendant company’s market capitalization between the trading day with the highest market cap during the class period and the trading day immediately following the end of the class period. The Maximum Dollar Loss (MDL) Index decreased by 52% to $1.62 trillion in 2024, compared with the record high of $3.34 trillion set in 2023. The 2024 MDL value remains 51% above the historical semiannual average of $600 billion.

There were 35 “mega-MDL” filings in 2024, which are ones with an MDL of at least $10 billion, up from 38 a year earlier. These mega cases represented 79% of total MDL in 2024.

The full report can be viewed on the Cornerstone Research website. &

The R&I Editorial Team can be reached at [email protected].

More from Risk & Insurance