Commercial Insurance Market Shows Continued Softening as Premium Growth Slows: CIAB

Commercial property and casualty insurance markets continued their softening trend in the second quarter of 2025, with average premium increases falling to 3.7% across all account sizes, according to The Council of Insurance Agents & Brokers’ latest quarterly market report.
The insurance market’s cooling trajectory became most apparent among large accounts, which experienced premium increases of just 2.9% in the second quarter — a dramatic 45% decrease from the 5.3% recorded in the first quarter, the CIAB survey of member brokerages found. This marks the 31st consecutive quarter of premium increases across all account sizes, though the pace of growth continues to decelerate, the report noted.
Small and medium accounts bucked the softening trend slightly, posting premium increases of 4.2% and 4.0% respectively, both marginally higher than the previous quarter. The divergent patterns suggest carriers may be pursuing different strategies across market segments, with some survey respondents noting that insurers appeared “slightly more aggressive” in pursuing large accounts.
Five lines of business recorded premium decreases during the quarter: cyber (-1.5%), directors and officers (D&O) liability (-2.5%), employment practices (-1.8%), terrorism (-0.1%), and workers’ compensation (-1.8%). The overall average premium increase across major commercial lines held steady at 4.9%, the same as the previous quarter, according to the report.
Nuclear Verdicts Drive Umbrella Costs While Capacity Benefits D&O
The umbrella insurance market emerged as the quarter’s standout concern, posting an 11.5% premium increase — the highest among all coverage lines. This surge stems from an alarming trend in litigation outcomes, with 2024 setting records for massive jury awards, the CIAB noted.
Research shows 135 corporate lawsuits exceeded $10 million in damages in 2024, representing a 52% increase over 2023 and the highest number of “nuclear verdicts” since 2009, according to research by Marathon Strategies. Even more concerning, 49 of those 2024 verdicts qualified as “thermonuclear,” with damages exceeding $100 million, nearly double the 27 recorded in 2023. The number of billion-dollar verdicts more than doubled to five from two between 2023 and 2024, Marathon Strategies reported.
These massive awards particularly impacted products liability cases, which accounted for 24% of all nuclear verdicts, followed by intellectual property disputes at 19% and motor vehicle cases at 12%. The trend has forced umbrella carriers to reduce capacity and lower limits, with one CIAB survey respondent noting that “$10M layers had once been common, we were seeing $2M—$5M, forcing us to build more layers to reach desired limits.”
Conversely, the D&O market experienced its sixth consecutive quarter of premium decreases, driven by excess capacity and strong profitability following the hard market of 2020-2021, according to the CIAB report. With more than $1 billion in market capacity available, D&O insurers competed aggressively for market share, pushing premiums down 2.5% in the second quarter, following a 1.9% decline in Q1.
Strategic Adjustments Signal Market Rebalancing
The divergent market conditions are prompting strategic shifts from commercial insurers. Survey respondents suggested that some carriers are deliberately offering premium decreases in less volatile lines like D&O and workers’ compensation to offset necessary increases in troubled lines like umbrella, according to the report.
This tactic allows them to retain business while managing their overall portfolio risk. A notable example of this strategic pricing is in commercial property. Once the most difficult line for buyers, commercial property premiums rose by just 1.9% in Q2 2025, down from 8.9% premium increases in the second quarter of 2024.
One respondent from a large Northeastern brokerage firm confirmed this, saying they had “seen decreases in premiums for property risk to compensate for increases elsewhere,” a significant change from a year ago.
Obtain the full report here. &