US Excess and Surplus Market Growth Slows to Single Digits as Commercial Property Premiums Decline
The U.S. excess and surplus lines market reached $105.31 billion in direct premiums written in 2025, crossing the $100 billion threshold for the first time, but the milestone was tempered by a sharp deceleration in growth, according to an analysis by S&P Global Market Intelligence.
E&S premium volume increased by 7.8% over 2024, marking the first time since 2018 that the market failed to achieve double-digit annual expansion over the prior year, S&P said, pointing to declining commercial property premiums, which last year shifted from a growth engine to a drag on the broader E&S market.
Commercial Property Pricing Pressures Weigh on Growth
Intensifying competition among both admitted and non-admitted insurers drove down commercial property renewal pricing throughout 2025, the report found. Combined commercial property business lines — including fire, allied lines and the non-liability portion of commercial multiperil — fell 2.8% to $27.69 billion in direct premiums written in 2025.
The pricing deterioration accelerated as the year progressed. Janice Hamilton, CFO of wholesale E&S-focused distributor Ryan Specialty Holdings Inc., said during an earnings call that the the fourth quarter “marked an intensification of some of these property pricing trends,” with large account rate decreases ranging from 25% to 35% — steeper than earlier in the year, the report noted. Hamilton also said that some small commercial businesses began shifting back to the admitted market, though the movement had not yet been significant.
Among individual lines, allied lines experienced the steepest drop, with direct premiums falling 5.4% to $9.68 billion, while fire premiums declined 4.0% to $12.13 billion. Commercial multiperil non-liability was the lone bright spot, growing 4.7% to $5.88 billion, according to S&P’s report.
E&S Homeowners Market Surges as Admitted Carriers Retreat
In stark contrast to the commercial property slowdown, the E&S homeowners market continued its rapid expansion, with direct premiums written surging 29.5% to $4.14 billion in 2025, S&P said. The growth marked the third consecutive year of increases exceeding 20%, reflecting a three-year compound annual growth rate of nearly 34%.
The homeowners surge underscores ongoing displacement from the admitted market, driven by carrier retreats and climate-related volatility in catastrophe-prone states such as California, Colorado, Florida and Texas, according to S&P.
Overall, premiums across the E&S market flowed into three primary coverage categories: liability and casualty coverages at 54.9%, property lines at 30.2% and commercial auto at 5.6%, the analysis showed.
Berkshire Hathaway Pulls Back Sharply From E&S Property
Berkshire Hathaway Inc. posted the largest premium decline among major E&S insurers in 2025, with its overall E&S volume dropping 12.4%, according to the report. The conglomerate’s total E&S property premiums fell 22.7% to $3.10 billion, led by a 70.3% plunge in commercial multiperil non-liability premiums to $192.6 million from $648.2 million the prior year.
Despite the lower premiums, Berkshire Hathaway retained its position as the nation’s largest E&S underwriter, with $7.41 billion in direct premiums written in 2025. American International Group Inc. remained in second place, growing its E&S direct premiums to $5.91 billion from $5.60 billion in 2024.
Among the 20 largest E&S underwriters, only The Travelers Cos. Inc. and Arch Capital Group Ltd. joined Berkshire in reporting lower premiums for the year. Arch Capital’s direct E&S premiums declined 5.0% to $1.56 billion, while Travelers saw a 4.9% decrease to the same amount.
Kinsale Capital Group Inc.’s results illustrated the diverging fortunes within the property segment, with its commercial property gross premiums declining to $374.4 million from $456.2 million, while its small commercial property line grew 33.4% to $102.4 million, S&P noted. &

