Data Center Insurance Capacity Strained as Average Project Values Surge From $150 Million to $3 Billion

A new report from Zurich North America outlines six critical risk areas facing data center construction and operations as the sector races to meet AI-driven demand.
By: | May 27, 2026
data center concept

The rapid expansion of data center construction is creating unprecedented challenges for risk managers, with average insured project values jumping from roughly $150 million to $3 billion in just five years, according to a report from Zurich North America.

With top hyperscalers — massive cloud computing and data center companies — planning approximately $710 billion in capital expenditures in 2026 and global data center investment projected to reach $7 trillion by 2030, the report identifies insurance capacity, severe weather, energy constraints, redundancy, equipment failure and regulatory uncertainty as the six pivotal forces shaping the sector’s risk landscape.

Insurance Capacity Gaps and the Shift to Estimated Maximum Loss

At the largest end of the scale, where individual campuses run into the tens of billions of dollars, “there simply isn’t sufficient insurance capacity in the market to insure these projects to their full value,” said Kelly Kinzer, Zurich’s global head of construction and surety. Lenders financing these projects increasingly seek full-value coverage, making capacity constraints a significant stress point.

The report suggests that full-value insurance is often neither necessary nor the most effective approach. Many campuses are spread across large footprints with meaningful distance between structures, naturally reducing the likelihood of a total loss. In those situations, insuring to an estimated maximum loss rather than a full limit can be more appropriate, the report said.

Concentration of risk is another emerging concern. Insurers, reinsurers and hyperscalers are closely monitoring geographic accumulation of exposure, which the report called essential to maintaining a sustainable insurance market.

The financing structures behind today’s investments — which may include off-balance-sheet special purpose vehicles — also elevate directors and officers liability exposure, particularly if growth projections are not met or disclosures fall short, the report noted.

Severe Weather and Phased Construction Create New Risk Collisions

Severe weather has been the leading cause of loss in Zurich’s U.S. data center builders risk portfolio for the past three years, according to the report — a category that previously did not rank in the top three. A tornado at a data center site was a leading cause of loss in Zurich’s builders risk portfolio in 2025, reflecting the sector’s geographic shift into interior U.S. markets where severe convective storm risk is elevated.

In 2026, 64% of data center capacity under construction sits outside traditional hubs such as Northern Virginia, in locations like West Texas, Tennessee, Wisconsin and Ohio.

Compressed timelines are compounding the problem. The norm is now phased handovers, where construction of one data hall runs concurrently with early operations in another. One high-severity loss in 2025 involved welding along a roof joist after HVAC systems had been installed but before permanent fire protection was in place — a spark ignited an air filter, overwhelming temporary fire blankets, the report said.

Zurich risk engineers’ annual hours spent on data center reviews increased 500% from 2020 to 2025, suggesting owners increasingly recognize the need for early lifecycle risk assessment.

Energy Constraints, Equipment Failure and an Uncertain Future

U.S. data center power demand rose roughly 22% in a single year and is projected to nearly triple by 2030, reaching approximately 134 gigawatts, according to S&P Global data cited in the report.

Many developers are investing in behind-the-meter energy solutions including natural gas turbines and battery energy storage systems, but lead times for new gas-fired turbines have stretched to three years or more. Equipment failure during construction, commissioning or operations escalates fast given compressed schedules and replacement lead times.

Labor shortages add another layer of risk. Some 92% of U.S. construction firms report difficulty finding qualified workers, according to the Associated General Contractors of America, and the Associated Builders and Contractors estimates 349,000 net new workers are needed in 2026 to meet construction demand. The report noted that less experienced labor and extended work hours can escalate the risk of human error around highly energized electrical equipment.

Obtain the full report here. &

The R&I Editorial Team can be reached at [email protected].

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