California Workers’ Comp Medical Costs Rose 5% In 2025, With Medical-Legal And Equipment Services Leading The Increase
Medical service costs paid per claim in California’s workers’ compensation system rose 5% in 2025, following a 10% increase in 2024, according to a report from the Workers’ Compensation Insurance Rating Bureau of California (WCIRB).
The 2025 increase was driven by a 4% rise in average prices paid per transaction and a 1% increase in utilization, the WCIRB said in the report on medical cost service trends through 2025. Medical costs accounted for 52% of total loss payments in the California workers’ compensation system in 2025. Southern California continued to drive statewide trends, with medical paid per claim there rising 8% in 2025, largely due to higher prices across service types, while Northern California’s paid per claim remained stable as declining average prices offset higher utilization growth, the WCIRB found.
Medical-Legal And Equipment Costs Surge, Tied To Cumulative Trauma Claims
Medical-Legal services and Medical Equipment and Other Services both posted large cost increases in 2025, with cumulative trauma (CT) claims contributing substantially to growth in both categories, the WCIRB said. Medical-Legal costs, which made up 17% of total medical payments in 2025, have risen sharply since the state’s new Medical-Legal Fee Schedule took effect in 2021, with paid per claim up 47% cumulatively from 2021 through 2025.
Early increases stemmed from higher reimbursement levels, but more recent growth has been tied to increased use of Medical-Legal services per claim, particularly among CT claims, which have become more common and generally require more Medical-Legal services, according to the report. Comprehensive evaluations, typically the initial Medical-Legal evaluation, accounted for 68% of Medical-Legal payments in 2025 despite representing only 45% of services.
Medical Equipment and Other Services, representing 13% of medical payments in 2025, saw paid per claim rise 55% cumulatively from 2020 through 2025. The WCIRB attributed the growth to Medicare-driven fee schedule updates for durable medical equipment and to rising utilization and costs for Interpreter and Home Health services, neither of which is subject to a fee schedule and together accounted for more than 40% of the category’s payments in 2025.
Interpreter services alone saw paid per claim rise 141% from 2020 through 2025, driven by both higher prices and a 93% increase in transactions per claim, with growth linked to CT claims, which are more likely to involve interpreter services. Home Health costs, concentrated among injured workers over age 60 (51% of Home Health payments in 2025, up from 35% in 2015), grew steadily after 2021 amid what the WCIRB described as a potential shortage of medical professionals and an aging workforce.
Non-Fee-Schedule Services Emerge As A Growing Cost Driver
While services not subject to fee schedule price caps accounted for a relatively small share, 17%, of total medical payments in 2025, up from 12% in 2021, they have become an increasingly important driver of cost growth, the WCIRB found.
Utilization of non-fee-schedule services rose steadily since 2022 and accounted for nearly 30% of overall medical utilization growth in 2024 and 2025, even as utilization of fee-schedule services stayed relatively flat. These services also carry substantially higher average payments per transaction, the report said.
Within Physician Services, which made up nearly half of all medical payments in 2025, the share of payments not subject to fee schedule limits jumped to 12.2% in 2024, driven largely by an unlisted Physical Medicine procedure, before easing to 11.2% in 2025 as use of that procedure declined.
Evaluation and Management and Physical Medicine together accounted for nearly 70% of Physician Services payments in 2025. Evaluation and Management costs per claim rose 6% in 2025, driven almost entirely by higher prices, including a shift toward more complex office visits. Physical Medicine paid per claim increased in nearly every year since 2014, peaking with 17% growth in 2024 before moderating in 2025 as use of an unlisted procedure code declined, particularly in Northern California.
Pharmaceutical costs, meanwhile, continued a long decline, falling to just 2% of total medical payments in 2025 from 11% in 2015, a trend the WCIRB attributed to Senate Bill No. 863 and reduced opioid prescribing.
Obtain the full report here. &

