P&C Insurance Industry Weathers Market Challenges in 2024

The U.S. property & casualty insurance industry showed resilience in 2024 despite $2.6 billion in underwriting losses and 27 billion-dollar weather disasters, with AM Best projecting continued improvement for 2025.
P&C insurers faced a barrage of weather-related challenges in 2024, with natural disasters leaving an indelible mark on financial statements and risk management strategies. The economic toll of these events surpassed $200 billion, with insurance coverage extending to only about half of the losses.
Hurricane Helene inflicted $17.5 billion in insured losses, while Hurricane Milton followed closely behind with $20 billion in insured damages. These storms, part of an unusually active late-season hurricane period, underscored the increasing volatility of weather patterns and their potential to wreak havoc on insurers’ bottom lines.
Catastrophe losses contributed 7.7 points to P&C insurers’ combined ratio in 2024, slightly lower than the 8.5 points recorded from CAT losses in the previous year. However, the outlook for 2025 suggests a potential uptick, with projections indicating that catastrophe losses could add 8.5 points to the combined ratio, primarily due to anticipated losses from wildfire activity in California, AM Best noted.
In response to these challenges, the insurance industry has been forced to recalibrate its approach to risk management and underwriting. The reinsurance market, a critical component of the industry’s risk-sharing ecosystem, has undergone significant adjustments. Reinsurers have become more selective in their risk appetites, particularly for catastrophe-exposed personal and commercial property risk, according to the rating agency.
Primary insurers have also adapted their strategies, implementing enhanced underwriting measures to mitigate potential losses. These include higher retentions and more stringent coverage limitations. Some insurers have gone as far as to reevaluate their presence in high-risk areas, demonstrating a growing reluctance to maintain exposure in regions prone to severe weather events, AM Best stated.
Financial Performance and Market Dynamics
The P&C insurance sector experienced robust premium growth in 2024, with net premiums written (NPW) increasing by 10%. This strong performance is expected to moderate slightly in 2025, with projections indicating a 7.3% increase. Personal lines led the charge in 2024, with premiums rising by an impressive 12.9%, while commercial lines saw a more modest 6.1% increase.
The personal lines segment has been particularly aggressive in pursuing rate adequacy since early 2022, especially in private passenger auto and homeowners multiperil coverage, according to AM Best.
The P&C industry’s investment performance saw a significant uptick in 2024, with net investment income growing by 18% to $85.4 billion. This growth was primarily driven by the benefit of higher interest rates and improved reinvestment opportunities.
Personal auto insurance showed marked improvement in 2024, with the combined ratio for this line dropping to 98.7 from 104.9. The homeowners line also saw progress, with the combined ratio improving to 105.7 from 110.9. This improvement in personal lines was largely due to fewer weather-related losses and the implementation of more stringent risk selection criteria.
Despite these improvements in personal lines, the commercial segment outperformed its personal counterpart in 2024. The commercial lines posted a combined ratio of 97.0, more than four points better than the personal lines segment, the report noted.
Emerging Challenges and Risk Factors
Social inflation and an increasingly complex legal landscape continue to add pressure to the P&C insurance sector, according to the report. Litigation financing has seen a marked uptick, contributing to rising jury awards and claims costs. This trend is particularly impacting casualty lines, where insurers are grappling with the need to reassess reserve adequacy in light of evolving litigation trends.
The frequency of single-payout events based on inflated non-economic damages continues to climb, putting additional strain on insurers’ balance sheets, AM Best noted. Factors such as attorney advertising, erosion of tort reform, and shifting public attitudes toward corporations are all contributing to this challenging environment.
Industry analysts have raised alarms about the overall reserve position of P&C insurers. Current estimates suggest an $18.8 billion deficiency in net loss and loss adjustment expense (LAE) reserves. The impact of reserve challenges varies significantly across different lines of business.
Workers’ compensation, commercial auto liability, personal auto liability, and other liability lines are showing notable deficiencies, according to AM Best. In contrast, medical professional liability, homeowners, and certain specialty lines are demonstrating reserve redundancies.
U.S. Commercial Lines
The U.S. commercial lines segment maintains a stable outlook, buoyed by expectations of continued profitability in 2025 despite looming challenges, AM Best reported. Risk-adjusted capital is projected to remain robust for the vast majority of carriers, providing a solid foundation for the segment.
Within commercial lines, outlooks vary by specific coverage areas. Commercial property and workers’ compensation lines hold Stable outlooks, while the excess and surplus lines segment boasts a positive outlook. However, several casualty lines face headwinds, with negative outlooks for commercial auto liability, general liability, and directors and officers (D&O) coverage.
Near-term concerns loom large for commercial insurers. Stubbornly high social inflation, including rising jury awards and litigation costs, continues to strain casualty reserves, particularly for excess casualty and umbrella liability. Property insurers grapple with sharply higher costs stemming from supply-chain disruptions, escalating raw material prices, and increased labor expenses.
Despite these challenges, commercial lines reported solid operating results through 2024 and are poised to maintain this trajectory. Pricing strength contributed to an estimated 6.1% increase in commercial lines net premiums for 2024, though this represents a slowdown from the 8.1% growth seen in 2023.
Looking ahead to 2025, AM Best expects premium growth to moderate further to around 4%. Underwriting performance is likely to remain favorable, with a projected calendar year combined ratio of 97.0 for both 2024 and 2025. This slight uptick from 96.5 in 2023 reflects gradual margin compression in workers’ compensation and casualty lines, as well as the impact of elevated catastrophe loss activity.
View the full AM Best report here. &