Injured Workers Are Waiting Longer for First Treatment, NCCI Finds
The average time between an injury and an injured worker’s first medical treatment increased by two days nationally from accident year 2016 to accident year 2023, according to the National Council on Compensation Insurance.
The increase was far steeper for specialty services, with time to first physical therapy rising by eight days and time to first major surgery rising by 10 days, NCCI found. Despite those delays, average treatment duration for all lost-time claims was essentially unchanged, moving to 218.0 days in 2023 from 217.8 days in 2016, the report said.
Same-Day Care Declines as Settings Shift
NCCI attributed the rise in time to first treatment to two related trends. The share of claims treated on the date of injury fell to 43% in 2023 from 48% in 2016, while the share treated after the injury date rose to 57% from 52%, according to the report.
Among claims first treated after the injury date, 3% more were cared for in nonfacility settings, such as physician offices and independent physical therapy clinics, in 2023 than in 2016, NCCI said. Nonfacility care took longer to begin: in 2016, average time to first treatment in a nonfacility setting was 27 days, 11 days longer than in a facility, and both settings saw wait times climb further by 2023, the report found.
That shift carries implications for medical spending. Claims first treated in nonfacility settings showed the lowest overall utilization units of any venue in accident year 2023, according to NCCI, even though treatment started later. By comparison, utilization was roughly six times higher for claims first treated in a hospital inpatient setting and 31% higher for those first treated in a hospital outpatient setting, the report said. Overall medical utilization declined by 3% over the same period, which NCCI linked to the growing share of nonfacility first care.
State-level variation was substantial. Time to first medical treatment ranged from a four-day decrease in Oregon to a six-day increase in Nevada, according to the report. For physical therapy claims, increases ranged from about one day in Louisiana to roughly 17 days in West Virginia and Nevada. For major surgery claims, changes ranged from an eight-day decrease in Nebraska to a 57-day increase in Nevada, NCCI found.
Treatment Duration Diverges by State
While the national average for treatment duration barely moved, individual states told a different story, ranging from a 17-day reduction in Mississippi to a 62-day increase in Nevada, according to the report.
NCCI said shifts in injury mix and major surgery rates do not explain Nevada’s increase, suggesting that “broader system-level pressures may be at play, such as potential access-to-care challenges.” Nevada posted the largest increase in both treatment duration and time to first treatment among the 37 jurisdictions studied, the report noted.
For physical therapy claims, treatment duration after the first PT visit ranged from 32 days shorter in Nebraska to 59 days longer in Nevada, according to NCCI. For major surgery claims, duration after the first surgery ranged from 14 days shorter in Mississippi to 61 days longer in Nevada, the report said.
Timing and Duration Linked for Specialty Claims
Across all lost-time claims, NCCI found essentially no relationship between changes in time to first treatment and changes in treatment duration, producing a weighted Pearson correlation of 0.02. Most jurisdictions actually saw the two measures move in opposite directions, with longer waits for initial treatment accompanied by shorter overall treatment duration, the report said.
That pattern reversed for more intensive claims. Physical therapy claims showed a positive weighted correlation of 0.45, with NCCI’s fitted regression indicating that every additional day to first PT was associated with roughly two additional days of treatment duration.
Major surgery claims showed a stronger positive correlation of 0.60, and claims involving multiple major surgeries, which NCCI said tend to be more severe, showed a moderate correlation of 0.40. Claims involving neither PT nor major surgery showed a negative correlation between the two measures, according to the report.
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